Technical and Economical Evaluation of Treatment Technologies for Removal of PCPPs and EDCs in Potable Water

Why are PPCPs and EDCs of vital concern to us and our health? PPCPs are prescription and non-prescription medications and veterinary drugs (PhACs), as well as products used for personal health or cosmetic reasons (PCPs), from sunscreens to detergents. Endocrine disruptors (EDCs) are chemical compounds that can potentially interact with endocrine systems, or glands, that secrete hormones directly into the bloodstream. EDCs include steroids, pesticides, and industrial chemicals.

In 2002, The American Water Works Research Foundation (AwwaRF) initiated an extensive research effort titled "Removal of EDCs and Pharmaceuticals in Drinking and Reuse Treatment Processes." The final results of the report were published in 2007. The objective of this project was to conduct a conceptual design and lifecycle cost analysis for a 1 MGD treatment plant for each of the four most effective treatment technologies identified in the Awwa's report, which are activated carbon, reverse osmosis, advanced oxidation, and riverbank filtration.